What Really Explains Uruguay's UFO Mysteries?

Introduction

Uruguay is nevertheless important because it combines three unusual features: a durable military investigation programme, an independent civilian research tradition dating to the 1950s, and several regional legends—especially the La Aurora ranch case—that developed into enduring parts of local culture. Its history therefore shows both the value and the limits of official UFO archives: systematic inquiry can resolve many sightings, but incomplete records and poor-quality observations can leave a residue of uncertainty without establishing an extraordinary cause.

Why Uruguay has an official UFO commission

The central institution is the Commission for the Reception and Investigation of Reports of Unidentified Flying Objects, generally known by its Spanish acronym, CRIDOVNI. It was created within the Uruguayan Air Force in 1979 and has continued in some form for more than four decades. Contemporary accounts describe it as an unusually small operation: in 2023, its working group reportedly consisted of four retired Air Force colonels and one serving officer, working on an honorary basis with no dedicated state budget and limited equipment.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISasí trabajan los cinco uruguayos que investigan los ovnisFebruary 19, 2023 — 19 Feb 2023 — Se sientan en una mesa redonda y discut…Published: February 19, 2023

The commission’s military location matters. Its formal concern is not proving the existence of visitors from another world, but determining what has entered or appeared to enter national airspace. Investigators may interview witnesses, inspect locations, analyse images, check known flight paths and consult radar, meteorological or astronomical information. In the 2023 Termas de Almirón investigation in Paysandú, for example, Air Force investigators were sent to the area to gather testimony and compare reports with airport radar and other records.[El Observador]elobservador.com.uyEl ObservadorFuerza Aérea investiga luces intermitentes en PaysandúFebruary 12, 2023 — 12 Feb 2023 — No Identificados (Cridovni), que dep…Published: February 12, 2023

CRIDOVNI officials have sometimes used language more open to extraordinary possibilities than equivalent bodies elsewhere. Its president, Colonel Ariel Sánchez Ríos, has argued publicly that unusual aerial phenomena should be treated seriously because unidentified incursions may have implications for air sovereignty. He has also said that roughly 3–4 per cent of the commission’s cases are regarded as “non-conventional” or highly strange. This is a classification of unresolved observations, however, not a finding that the objects were alien spacecraft.[Cadena del Mar | FM 106.5]cadenadelmar.uyCadena del Mar | FM 106.5CnelAriel Sánchez sobre fenómenos aéreosCnel. Ariel Sánchez sobre fenómenos aéreos: “En Uruguay manejamos entre un 3% y un 4% de casos no con…

A chronology of Uruguay’s UFO record

Uruguay’s modern UFO culture emerged soon after the international “flying saucer” wave of 1947. Reports accumulated through newspapers, private correspondence and civilian organisations before the Air Force established its formal commission.

A useful national chronology is:

• 1958: Civilian investigators founded the Centre for the Investigation of Unidentified Flying Objects, or CIOVI. One of its founders, Luis Eduardo Hourcade, later became known for advocating a more critical and evidence-based approach to UFO claims. The group operated for nearly fifty years but closed without finding proof of extraterrestrial visitation.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAIS50 años de archivos X en UruguayNovember 1, 2007 — 31 Oct 2007 — Ovnis. Ciovi, la institución pionera en el estudio del fenómeno se despide tras medio siglo sin obtener…Published: November 1, 2007
• Mid-1970s: The alleged encounter at La Aurora ranch, near the Salto–Paysandú area, became Uruguay’s best-known UFO story. Accounts described powerful lights, electrical effects, a damaged tree and a larger triangular formation in the sky. The property subsequently became a destination for spiritual visitors and UFO tourists.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISHace 60 años comenzaban los archivos X en UruguayEL PAISHace 60 años comenzaban los archivos X en Uruguay
• 1979: The Air Force created CRIDOVNI, institutionalising the receipt and investigation of UFO reports.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISasí trabajan los cinco uruguayos que investigan los ovnisFebruary 19, 2023 — 19 Feb 2023 — Se sientan en una mesa redonda y discut…Published: February 19, 2023
• 2005: Two pilots reported a brilliant light over Colonia that appeared to fall towards the ground. Radar reportedly showed no corresponding target. Astronomers considered a meteor or other space rock plausible, while Air Force investigators initially questioned that explanation, illustrating how different institutions can interpret the same limited evidence differently.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISLa Fuerza Aérea y la Universidad tras el OvniEL PAISLa Fuerza Aérea y la Universidad tras el Ovni
• 2009–2010: The Air Force allowed journalists access to portions of its case material. Reports at the time said approximately forty cases remained unexplained after three decades of investigation. The material was described as declassified, although it was not released as a complete, easily searchable public catalogue comparable with some foreign government archives.[inexplicata.blogspot.com]inexplicata.blogspot.comuruguay air force declassifies ufouruguay air force declassifies ufo
• 2010: A highly publicised aerial display associated by some observers with Uruguay’s national football team was assessed by CRIDOVNI as having a 97 per cent probability of a conventional cause and only a 3 per cent probability of a non-conventional one. The carefully qualified conclusion shows that the commission sometimes assigns probabilities rather than declaring absolute identifications.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISInforme descarta un saludo extraterrestre a la celesteEL PAISInforme descarta un saludo extraterrestre a la celeste
• 2012: Lights photographed by campers near the Los Molles stream in Durazno were identified by the commission as two commercial aircraft. The witnesses rejected the finding, saying the objects’ apparent movement and sound did not resemble aeroplanes. The episode is a clear example of the recurring gap between official reconstruction and eyewitness confidence.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISTestigos polemizan con la Fuerza Aérea por un OvniEL PAISTestigos polemizan con la Fuerza Aérea por un Ovni
• 2020: Reports of strings of lights across the country were attributed to Starlink satellites, whose closely spaced formations had begun generating similar UFO reports worldwide.[El Observador]elobservador.com.uyEl Observador Denuncian ovnis en el cielo uruguayo y la Fuerza AéreaEl Observador Denuncian ovnis en el cielo uruguayo y la Fuerza Aérea
• 2023: Flashing lights around Termas de Almirón in Paysandú prompted an on-site investigation and more than one hundred subsequent reports of orange or amber lights. CRIDOVNI later concluded that the principal observations were caused by Starlink satellites.[El Observador]elobservador.com.uyEl Observador Ovni en Uruguay: Fuerza Aérea recibió más de 100El Observador Ovni en Uruguay: Fuerza Aérea recibió más de 100
• 2026: More than twenty reports from nine departments described white lights moving low over southern horizons, especially towards the River Plate and Atlantic coast. After comparing testimony, photographs, video and aerospace data, the Air Force attributed them to Starlink and other satellites.[Montevideo Portal]montevideo.com.uyOpen source on com.uy.

This sequence reveals a consistent pattern. High-profile reports often begin with strong witness conviction and ambiguous night-time lights, but later analysis frequently identifies routine aircraft or satellites. The surviving unexplained cases tend to be those with too little reliable data rather than those supported by complete, independently verifiable sensor records.

Where sightings cluster—and why geography matters

Uruguay’s UFO history is not evenly distributed. Several of its most prominent narratives come from the western and north-western departments of Paysandú and Salto. La Aurora lies in this region, as do the Termas de Almirón reports of 2023 and 2024. The area’s open countryside, dark skies and tourist traffic make distant lights conspicuous, while the existing La Aurora legend encourages observers and journalists to interpret new sightings within an established UFO narrative.[El Observador]elobservador.com.uyEl Observador Ovnis en Uruguay: entre las luces sin explicación y un paísEl Observador Ovnis en Uruguay: entre las luces sin explicación y un país

Durazno, in central Uruguay, also appears repeatedly in case reporting. It contains important military and aviation activity, making aircraft identification especially relevant. The 2012 Los Molles case was resolved as commercial aviation, while earlier reports attributed to the department included alleged landing traces and unusual soil findings. Claims about chemically altered soil have circulated widely in secondary UFO literature, but the underlying laboratory records and sampling controls are not readily available in a complete public archive, so they should not be treated as independently confirmed physical evidence.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISTestigos polemizan con la Fuerza Aérea por un OvniEL PAISTestigos polemizan con la Fuerza Aérea por un Ovni

Colonia and the southern coastal departments generate a different class of report. Their skies contain dense regional air traffic, views over the River Plate and numerous satellite tracks. Reports from Maldonado and other southern locations in February 2026 were concentrated towards the south, south-east and south-west—directions consistent with objects observed over the river and Atlantic. The Air Force’s identification of satellite passages illustrates why location, direction and exact observation time are often more informative than the apparent shape of a light in a phone video.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyOpen source on com.uy.

Northern border reports, including alleged unusual movements near Río Branco, are harder to evaluate because many survive mainly through witness recollections and newspaper retellings rather than technical documentation. Border geography may complicate checks against aviation activity in neighbouring airspace, but it does not itself make a report more extraordinary.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISLos esquivos OvnisEL PAISLos esquivos Ovnis

The La Aurora case: national landmark or unresolved legend?

La Aurora ranch is the most culturally significant UFO location in Uruguay. The central story dates from the mid-1970s, when ranch owner Ángel María Tonna and members of his family reportedly saw a bright object descend near the property. Later versions included a burning ombú tree, a dead dog, damaged electrical equipment, twisted wiring, a city-wide power failure and three lights forming a triangle. The ranch became associated not only with UFO investigation but also with spiritual pilgrimage, healing claims and tourism.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISHace 60 años comenzaban los archivos X en UruguayEL PAISHace 60 años comenzaban los archivos X en Uruguay

The case remains memorable because it combines witnesses, alleged physical effects and a specific location that visitors can still experience. Those features make it stronger as folklore than a fleeting anonymous light report. They do not, however, make it strong scientific evidence. The surviving public accounts differ in detail, were often recorded after the event and do not provide a securely documented chain of custody for damaged materials or environmental samples.

A lightning strike has long been considered a plausible explanation for at least some of the reported effects: fire in a tree, damaged electrical equipment, twisted or overheated wiring, frightened animals and a local power interruption. The reported aerial lights may have been a separate observation, an atmospheric electrical phenomenon or an embellished component of the developing story. No publicly accessible investigation has established a single definitive reconstruction.

La Aurora is therefore best understood as a contested historical case rather than a confirmed landing. It demonstrates how a dramatic incident can accumulate additional details through repeated storytelling, tourism and spiritual interpretation. Its continuing importance lies in its influence on Uruguayan UFO culture, not in proven extraterrestrial evidence.

What the official archive can—and cannot—show

Uruguay’s Air Force files have often been described as “declassified”, but public access has been uneven. Journalists were allowed to inspect records around 2009, and accounts from that period referred to roughly forty unexplained cases. The Air Force reportedly did not publish a comprehensive national casebook containing every file, witness statement, photograph, laboratory result and final assessment.[inexplicata.blogspot.com]inexplicata.blogspot.comuruguay air force declassifies ufouruguay air force declassifies ufo

That distinction matters. Declassification means information is no longer formally secret; it does not necessarily mean that the material has been digitised, indexed or released in a form that permits independent replication. Without complete files, outsiders cannot always verify how investigators ruled out aircraft, planets, balloons, satellites or hoaxes. Nor can they assess whether an unexplained classification reflects genuinely contradictory evidence or simply missing information.

The available record nonetheless supports several conclusions:

Most reports are resolved conventionally. Published cases repeatedly end with identifications involving commercial aircraft, satellite formations or other ordinary aerial activity.[El Observador]elobservador.com.uyOpen source on com.uy.

A small residual remains open. Commission officials commonly place the unresolved or non-conventional category at about 3–4 per cent. Comparable residual percentages occur in many UFO archives because some reports lack the timing, direction, photographs or sensor data needed for identification.[Cadena del Mar | FM 106.5]cadenadelmar.uyCadena del Mar | FM 106.5CnelAriel Sánchez sobre fenómenos aéreosCnel. Ariel Sánchez sobre fenómenos aéreos: “En Uruguay manejamos entre un 3% y un 4% de casos no con…

The archive does not demonstrate extraterrestrial origin. An open file records an identification failure, not the discovery of an alien craft. None of the publicly described Uruguayan cases includes the combination of recoverable material, documented custody, reproducible laboratory analysis and independent sensor confirmation that would support such a conclusion.

Institutional continuity is more impressive than technical capacity. CRIDOVNI has survived for decades, but its limited staffing and budget constrain systematic field deployment, instrumentation and publication. In 2023, local reporting depicted a five-person honorary group working with two computers and no dedicated state funding.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISasí trabajan los cinco uruguayos que investigan los ovnisFebruary 19, 2023 — 19 Feb 2023 — Se sientan en una mesa redonda y discut…Published: February 19, 2023

Sorting confirmed and disputed claims from Uruguay’s UFO record

The Uruguayan record becomes clearer when reports are separated by evidential status.

Confirmed observations with conventional explanations

Several events are well documented as reports but have persuasive ordinary identifications. The 2012 Durazno lights matched the movements of two passenger aircraft. The 2020, 2023 and 2026 waves matched Starlink or other satellite passages. These are genuine observations in the sense that witnesses saw lights; what failed was the initial interpretation of their origin.[com.uy]elpais.com.uyOpen source on com.uy.

Satellite constellations have become particularly important. To an unaided observer, multiple bright objects moving in formation, appearing and disappearing as they enter Earth’s shadow, can seem to accelerate, change spacing or extinguish without warning. Video compression and the lack of a stable visual reference can make those movements look more unusual than they were.

Contested cases

La Aurora remains contested because the witnesses described more than distant lights, including alleged ground and electrical effects, yet the physical evidence is inadequately documented. The 2005 Colonia event is also unresolved in the broader sense that pilots saw a bright descending object and radar reportedly failed to detect it, while astronomers and Air Force investigators initially differed over whether a meteor was likely.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISLa Fuerza Aérea y la Universidad tras el OvniEL PAISLa Fuerza Aérea y la Universidad tras el Ovni

The 2012 Los Molles case represents a different sort of contest. The Air Force identified commercial aircraft from timing and flight information, but the witnesses continued to reject that result. Their sincerity does not invalidate the flight-data comparison, yet neither does the official conclusion explain why the observers perceived extreme proximity, silence and unusual manoeuvres. Such discrepancies are common when distance and scale cannot be judged against a dark sky.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAISTestigos polemizan con la Fuerza Aérea por un OvniEL PAISTestigos polemizan con la Fuerza Aérea por un Ovni

Weak or overstated claims

Claims that the Uruguayan Air Force has proved physical landings, chemical alteration of soil or extraterrestrial monitoring rely heavily on retellings of restricted files and interviews rather than publicly reproducible evidence. Reports of raised mineral concentrations in alleged landing sites are scientifically inconclusive without control samples, laboratory methods, contamination checks and full documentation of how and where the soil was collected.[colinandrews.net]colinandrews.netUruguay Government release UFO documentsUruguay Government release UFO documents

Similarly, statements by individual commission members that the extraterrestrial hypothesis should not be excluded express openness to a possibility, not an institutional finding. They should not be paraphrased as official confirmation that alien craft have visited Uruguay.

Civilian research and the growth of scepticism

Uruguay’s civilian UFO tradition predates CRIDOVNI. CIOVI, established in 1958, gathered reports and helped make Uruguay an early centre of organised UFO study in South America. Its long lifespan is notable, but so is its ultimate conclusion: after nearly five decades, the organisation closed without having obtained proof of extraterrestrial visitation.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyEL PAIS50 años de archivos X en UruguayNovember 1, 2007 — 31 Oct 2007 — Ovnis. Ciovi, la institución pionera en el estudio del fenómeno se despide tras medio siglo sin obtener…Published: November 1, 2007

Luis Eduardo Hourcade became especially associated with critical ufology—the idea that investigators should test claims rigorously rather than defend a predetermined extraterrestrial explanation. His public work challenged myths, photographic misinterpretations and the tendency to confuse an unidentified report with evidence of alien intelligence.[EL PAIS]elpais.com.uyun experto derriba mitos sobre los ovnisun experto derriba mitos sobre los ovnis

This sceptical strand is important because Uruguay’s UFO scene has also included tourism, spiritual claims, predictions and contact narratives that operate outside conventional evidence standards. La Aurora is the clearest meeting point between these worlds: an alleged aerial incident became a pilgrimage site whose meaning extends far beyond what could be established from the original observation.

The best local investigations therefore distinguish three separate questions: did a witness genuinely see something; can the object be identified; and does the remaining uncertainty support an extraordinary hypothesis? A credible “yes” to the first question does not automatically answer the second or third.

Why modern reports are becoming easier to resolve

Recent Uruguayan cases demonstrate how the UFO environment has changed. In earlier decades, investigators primarily compared witness statements with aircraft logs, weather and astronomical information. Today they must also account for large satellite constellations, drones, high-altitude balloons, launch debris and digital imaging artefacts.

Uruguay is developing an additional source of useful sky data through BOCOSUR, a network of twenty automated stations designed to detect bright meteors and fireballs across much of the country. Completed in 2023, the network uses calibrated cameras to reconstruct trajectories and brightness. Although it is an astronomy project rather than a UFO programme, such systems can help distinguish meteors from aircraft, satellites and other reported lights.[arXiv]arxiv.orgarXiv BOCOSUR: An all sky network for fireball detection in UruguayarXiv BOCOSUR: An all sky network for fireball detection in Uruguay

The most persuasive future investigations would combine:

Modern scientific proposals for studying unidentified aerial phenomena similarly emphasise simultaneous measurements from several instruments—wide-field and narrow-field cameras, radar, radio receivers, microphones and environmental sensors—because a single witness or phone video rarely supplies enough information to determine distance, speed or size.[arXiv]arxiv.orgOpen source on arxiv.org.

Reading the evidence around Uruguay’s UFO record conservatively

Uruguay’s experience does not support either extreme commonly applied to UFO reports. It does not show that every witness is mistaken or that every unexplained light is trivial. Nor does it provide robust evidence that extraterrestrial vehicles have entered Uruguayan airspace.

What it does show is more useful. A small country has maintained an official reporting channel for decades, enabling recurrent sightings to be checked against aviation, radar and astronomical information. That process has resolved many dramatic reports as aircraft and satellites, including several incidents that initially generated national headlines. At the same time, limited resources, incomplete public access and historically poor data have left a small group of cases unresolved.

The word “unidentified” is therefore a temporary or evidential category, not an explanation. In Uruguay, the strongest cases are those with detailed records and competing interpretations; the weakest are stories whose extraordinary elements expanded while their original documentation remained inaccessible. La Aurora endures as a powerful national legend, while the Starlink cases demonstrate the more common reality: unfamiliar technology seen under difficult conditions can produce sincere, widespread and entirely terrestrial UFO reports.

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Endnotes

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Title: Cadena del Mar | FM 106.5Cnel
Link:https://cadenadelmar.uy/nacional/cnel-ariel-sanchez-sobre-fenomenos-aereos-en-uruguay-manejamos-entre-un-3-y-un-4-de-casos-no-convencionales-que-superan-la-tecnologia-que-conocemos-17066

2. Source: elpais.com.uy
Title: un experto derriba mitos sobre los ovnis
Link:https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/un-experto-derriba-mitos-sobre-los-ovnis

3. Source: elpais.com.uy
Title: EL PAISHace 60 años comenzaban los archivos X en Uruguay
Link:https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/sociedad/hace-60-anos-comenzaban-los-archivos-x-en-uruguay

4. Source: elpais.com.uy
Title: EL PAISLa Fuerza Aérea y la Universidad tras el Ovni
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5. Source: inexplicata.blogspot.com
Title: uruguay air force declassifies ufo
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Title: EL PAISInforme descarta un saludo extraterrestre a la celeste
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7. Source: elpais.com.uy
Title: EL PAISTestigos polemizan con la Fuerza Aérea por un Ovni
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8. Source: colinandrews.net
Title: Uruguay Government release UFO documents
Link:https://www.colinandrews.net/UFO-UruguayDeclassify.html

9. Source: elpais.com.uy
Title: EL PAISLos esquivos Ovnis
Link:https://www.elpais.com.uy/domingo/los-esquivos-ovnis

10. Source: arxiv.org
Title: arXiv BOCOSUR: An all sky network for fireball detection in Uruguay
Link:https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.08917

11. Source: arxiv.org
Link:https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.18566

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Title: UFOs The Definitive Casebook LQ2
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Title: Project BLUE BOOK
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15. Source: elpais.com.uy
Link:https://www.elpais.com.uy/que-pasa/con-dos-computadoras-y-sin-cobrar-sueldo-asi-trabajan-los-cinco-uruguayos-que-investigan-los-ovnis

Published: February 19, 2023

16. Source: elobservador.com.uy
Title: como funciona el area 51 de uruguay ante las denuncias por ovnis 201241115390
Link:https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/como-funciona-el-area-51-de-uruguay-ante-las-denuncias-por-ovnis-201241115390

17. Source: elobservador.com.uy
Link:https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/ovni-en-uruguay-fuerza-aerea-investiga-luces-intermitentes-en-paysandu-202321214352

Published: February 12, 2023

18. Source: elpais.com.uy
Title: EL PAIS50 años de archivos X en Uruguay
Link:https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/50-anos-de-archivos-x-en-uruguay

Published: November 1, 2007

19. Source: elobservador.com.uy
Title: objetos voladores vistos en durazno eran aviones 201241115150
Link:https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/objetos-voladores-vistos-en-durazno-eran-aviones–201241115150

20. Source: elobservador.com.uy
Title: El Observador Denuncian ovnis en el cielo uruguayo y la Fuerza Aérea
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21. Source: elobservador.com.uy
Title: El Observador Ovni en Uruguay: Fuerza Aérea recibió más de 100
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23. Source: montevideo.com.uy
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24. Source: elpais.com.uy
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25. Source: elobservador.com.uy
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26. Source: elobservador.com.uy
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27. Source: youtube.com
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Title: alienigenas llegan en 2012
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Additional References

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34. Source: en.mercopress.com
Title: uruguayan air force to handle ufo sightings
Link:https://en.mercopress.com/2023/02/13/uruguayan-air-force-to-handle-ufo-sightings

35. Source: youtube.com
Title: United States, China, and Brazil report sightings of unidentified flying objects
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClGID_P3fIs

36. Source: youtube.com
Title: Ariel Sánchez, president of CRIDOVNI on Unconventional Cases
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1ZaMcvbW38

Published: March 2018

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Title: Agreement between the US and Uruguay to investigate UFOs
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38. Source: war.gov
Title: department of war releases unidentified anomalous phenomena files in historic t
Link:https://www.war.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/4480582/department-of-war-releases-unidentified-anomalous-phenomena-files-in-historic-t/

39. Source: youtube.com
Title: UFOLOGY: LUIZ PRESS EXPLAINS REPORTS AND EVIDENCE
Link:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5PM1_BVMpgY

40. Source: researchgate.net
Link:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/405414715_UFO_Curated_Landmark_Cases_and_Analysis

41. Source: academia.edu
Link:https://www.academia.edu/71337593/UFOs_and_the_extraterrestrial_contact_movement_a_bibliography

42. Source: researchgate.net
Link:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352784450_Spiritual_pilgrimages_and_UFO_tourism_in_Uruguay_the_case_of_La_Aurora%27s_cattle_ranch